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Getting started with MCS-51 development using free software:Serial output on the STC89 DEMO BOARD

This short tutorial presents a simple "Hello, World!" program for the STC89 DEMO BOARD. The author used a Debian GNU/Linux system, but the tutorial should work for other Linux distributions, *BSD or other Unices.

The tools we use are

Hardware setup

STC89 DEMO BOARD with Demo running

To supply power, to write the program and for serial communication the board is connected via Micro-USB.

Get SDCC

Depending on your operating system there might be an easy way to install SDCC 3.5.0 or newer using a package system or similar (e.g. apt-get install sdcc on Debian). While SDCC 3.4.0 should be sufficient for this tutorial, you might want to try a newer version in case you encounter any bugs.

SDCC binaries or a source tarball can be downloaded from its website.

Get stcgal

stcgal can be found at its GitHub location, where there is also a download link for a zip archive. It is written in Python, and assuming the necessary libraries are installed, can be invoked directly without any need to be built first.

The Demo

We present a simple Demo that repeatedly outputs "Hello World!" Here is the C code:

// Source code under CC0 1.0
#include <stdio.h>

__sfr __at(0x88) TCON;
__sfr __at(0x89) TMOD;
__sfr __at(0x8b) TL1;
__sfr __at(0x8d) TH1;

__sfr __at(0x98) SCON;
__sfr __at(0x99) SBUF;

int putchar(int c)
{
	while(!(SCON & 0x02));
	SCON &= ~0x02;
	SBUF = c;
	return (c);
}

void main(void)
{
	unsigned long int i = 0;

	// Configure UART for 9600 baud, 8 data bits, 1 stop bit.
	TMOD = 0x20;
	SCON = 0x40;
	TH1 = 256 - 11.0592 * 1000 * 1000 / 12 / 32 / 9600 + 0.5;
	TCON |= 0x40;
	SCON |= 0x02;				// Tell putchar() the UART is ready to send.

	for(;;)
	{
		printf("Hello World!\n");
		for(i = 0; i < 147456; i++); // Sleep
	}
}

SDCC is a freestanding, not a hosted implemenatation of C, and allows main to return void. In SDCC up to SDCC 3.6.0 putchar() used to return void. This is not standard compliant and was changed to int in current SDCC versions. The printf() from the standard library uses putchar() for output. Since putchar() is device-specific we need to supply it. In this case we want it to output data using UART0.

The demo can be compiled simply by invocing sdcc using sdcc -mmcs51 --std-c99 serial.c assuming the C code is in serial.c. The option -mmcs51 selects the target port (mcs51). An .ihx file with a name corresponding to the source file will be generated.

Put the demo onto the board

Assuming the serial cable is connected, stcgal.py serial.ihx will write the demo onto the board. You need to power-cycle the board after invoking stcgal. You can see the "Hello world" by using a terminal program configured for 9600 baud, no parity, 8 bits, 1 stop bit and no flow control.


More about stcgal

stcgal is an STC MCU ISP flash tool for programming STC 8051 compatible microcontrollers written by Grigori Goronzy. STC microcontrollers have an UART / USB based boot strap loader (BSL), that stcgal communicates with. The port used can be specified using -p (e.g. stcgal -p /dev/ttyUSB2 test.ihx to write test.ihx onto the board attahced via the third USB serial port).

More about SDCC

SDCC was initially written by Sandeep Dutta for the MCS-51, and has a relatively conservative architecture (see Sandeep Dutta, "Anatomy of a Compiler", 2000). It has been extended by various contributors and more recently, incorporated some cutting-edge technologies, in particular in register allocation (see Philipp Klaus Krause, "Optimal Register Allocation in Polynomial Time", 2013 and "Bytewise Register Allocation", 2015). However the mcs51 backend does not have all the fancy features and optimizations that some newer backends have.

SDCC is a C compiler that aims to be compliant with the C standards.

Important compiler options for MCS-51 developers include: